Python provides Python Operators as most languages do. Every programming language has operators. Operators are necessary to work with logic in a program. They tell the compiler or interpreter to perform some mathematical, relational, or logical operations and produce a result. These are special symbols to the language like +, –, *, and /. They are like functions that take one or more argument and produces the result.
Python has the following group of operators:
- Arithmetic operators
- Comparison operators
- Assignment Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Assume a=10, b=5
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + (Addition) | It is used to add two operands. | a+b=15 |
| – (Subtraction) | It is used to subtract the second operand from the first operand. | a-b=5 |
| * (Multiplication) | Used to multiply two operands. | a*b=50 |
| / (divide) | Used to divide the first operand by the second and results in the quotient. | a/b=2.0 |
| % (reminder) | Returns the remainder after dividing the first operand by the second operand. | a%b=0 |
| ** (Exponent) | Returns the result after calculating the first operand to the power of the second operand. | a**b=100000 |
| // (Floor division) | It returns the floor value of the quotient produced by dividing the two operands. | a//b=2 |
Comparison operators
Comparison operators are simple to understand as they return a boolean value i.e. True or False.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| == | Condition becomes True if two operands are equal |
| != | Condition becomes True if two operands are not equal |
| <= | Condition becomes True if the first operand is less than or equal to the second operand |
| >= | Condition becomes True if the first operand is greater than or equal to the second operand |
| > | Condition becomes True if the first operand is greater than the second operand |
| < | Condition becomes True if the first operand is less than the second operand |
Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign a calculated value from the right-hand side expression(after calculation) to the left-hand side operand.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Simply assigns right side expression to left side operand | a=5 |
| += | Adds left operand to right side operand and assigns the value back to left operand | a += b is same as a = a+b |
| -= | Decreases left operand value by right operand value and assign value back to left operand | a -= b is same as a = a-b |
| *= | Multiply the left operand value with the right operand value and assigns the multiplied value back to the left operand | a *= b is same as a=a*b |
| %= | Divides left operand by right operand and return remainder which is assigned to left operand | a %= b is same as a=a%b |
| **= | Increases left operand to power of right operand and assign the result to left operand | a **= b is same as a=a**b |
| //= | It returns the floor value as it divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand | a //= b is same as a=a//b |
Logical Operators
| Operator | Explanation |
|---|---|
| and | Let two expressions be a==>True, b==>True then the expression a and b will be True while if anyone from a and b is False then the expression will be False |
| or | Let two expressions be a==>False, b==>False then the expression a and b will be False while if anyone from a and b is True then the expression will be True |
| not | if a is True then not a is False and vice-versa |
Bitwise Operators
The bitwise operators are used to perform binary operations on operands.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| & (binary and) | If both the bits at the same place in two operands are 1, then 1 is copied to the result. Otherwise, 0 is copied |
| | (binary or) | The resulting bit will be 0 if both the bits are zero; otherwise, the resulting bit will be 1 |
| ^ (binary xor) | The resulting bit will be 1 if both the bits are different; otherwise, the resulting bit will be 0 |
| ~ (negation) | It calculates the negation of each bit of the operand, i.e., if the bit is 0, the resulting bit will be 1, and vice versa |
| << (left shift) | The left operand value is moved left by the number of bits present in the right operand |
| >> (right shift) | The left operand is moved right by the number of bits present in the right operand |
Membership Operators
Using Membership Operators, you can check whether a value is present in a Python data structure or not. It returns True if the value is present in the Python data structure else returns False.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| in | It returns True if the value is present in the data structure(list, tuple) |
| not in | It returns False if the value is present in the data structure(list, tuple) |
Identity Operators
The identity operators are used to decide whether an element certain class or type.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| is | It is evaluated to be true if the reference present at both sides points to the same object |
| is not | It is evaluated to be true if the reference present on both sides does not point to the same object |
Python Operator Precedence
We now know all operators and their uses but when they are applied with one another then we should know their precedence otherwise the result may not be the desired one.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| ** | The exponent operator is given priority over all the others used in the expression. |
| ~ + – | The negation, unary plus, and minus. |
| * / % // | The multiplication, divide, modules, reminder, and floor division. |
| + – | Binary plus, and minus |
| >> << | Left shift. and right shift |
| & | Binary and. |
| ^ | | Binary xor, and or |
| <= < > >= | Comparison operators (less than, less than equal to, greater than, greater than equal to). |
| <> == != | Equality operators. |
| = %= /= //= -= += *= **= | Assignment operators |
| is is not | Identity operators |
| in not in | Membership operators |
| not or and | Logical operators |
