Definition
Scope of a variable in Python is the region or block of code where the variable is created.
Scope of a variable is the region of code where the variable is accessible.
Types of Scopes:
- Local Variable
- Global Variable
1. Local Scope
These are the variables that are created and accessible inside the function. These variables belong to local scope for the function inside which they are created.
Example
def aFun(): var = "I m a local variable" print(var) aFun() print(var)
Output
I m a local variable Traceback (most recent call last): File "f:/vscode/python/main.py", line 5, in <module> print(var) NameError: name 'var' is not defined
2. Global Scope
These are the variables that are created in the main body of the python code and not inside a function. These variables belong to the global scope.
These variables are available within any scope, local and global.
Example
var = "I m a global variable" def aFun(): print(var) aFun() print(var)
Output
I m a global variable I m a global variable
Function inside Function
If a function is inside another function then it can access the variable which is created inside the parent function but outside the child function.
Example
def parentFun(): var = "I m a variable" print(var) def childFun(): print(var) childFun() parentFun()
Output
I m a variable I m a variable
Same name with different scopes
There may be cases like when you have two variables of the same name but in different regions or scopes.
In that case, python assumes that these variables are totally different from each other and if you make changes in one variable then that change will not affect the other scope variable.
Example
var = "I m outside function" def parentFun(): var = "I m inside function" print(var) parentFun() print(var)
Output
I m inside function I m outside function
Global Keyword
Python provides global keyword to create a variable that can be accessed globally.
We should use global keyword to create a global variable inside a function.
Example1
def myFunc(): global x x = "A global variable" print(x) myFunc() print(x)
Output
A global variable A global variable
Use the global keyword to make changes or to use a global variable inside a function.
Example2
x = "A global variable" print(x) def myFunc(): global x x = "I m a variable" print(x) myFunc() print(x)
Output
A global variable I m a variable I m a variable
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